General Hospital “Sveti apostol Luka” Doboj, University clinical center of Republika Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Introduction. Osteoporosis is a progressive, systemic and metabolic disease of bones that leads to the loss of the bone mineral density as well as to an increased risk of fracture. Aim of the study is to investigate the percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis in women of various age groups within our region
as well as identification of risk factors.
Methods. Heel bone ultrasound densitometry has been done by an ultrasound densitometer (ULTRA-SONOMETER GE LUNAR 1). Research is done with a direct method using a standard procedure. Risk factors are divided into three groups and the results are defined in terms of T-score values.
Results. Research has encompassed 836 patients, out of which 753 (90.1%) are women and 83 (9.9%) are men. Average age of female examinees is 52.6 years. In the first risk group we analyze age structure of the patients, start of menarche, length of menopause, BMI indexes and T-score values. Results obtained show that there are no significant variations in relation to the epidemiological data mentioned by other
sources. Analysis of the T-score values and risk factors of the second group, existence of chronic diseases and use of medicines also show that the results obtained match those of the WHO researches. Results obtained by analysis of the T-score values and risk factors of the third group, smoking and coffee consumption do not fit into epidemiological studies performed so far and therefore further studies should go into that direction.
Conclusion. The aforementioned method is very useful when it comes to detection of the status of the bone density as well as undertaking of timely prevention and osteoporosis treatment. It is necessary to put much more effort into general education about osteoporosis in order to reduce its consequences.
Authors retain copyright. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.