The vascular approach is a prerequisite for performing hemodialysis, but their "weak points" are different and frequent complications. Modern guidelines recommend native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the first choice of vascular approach because it is characterized by the longest survival and the least complications compared to other vascular appr...

By Nenad Lalović

In recent years, academic publishing excited a considerable interest in gut microbiota and its role in human health maintenance. In patients with chronic renal failure, gut microbiota is altered due to increased blood urea nitrogen and metabolic acidosis, specific diet and therapy, as well as prolonged intestinal transit time. Protein-fermenting ba...

By Miloš Mitrović, Nada Dimković